1895New York passed a law establishing free public baths in large cities. After several cholera epidemics, officials decided public cleanliness and personal hygiene were necessary.1978The U.S. Senate narrowly approved the transfer of the Panama Canal to Panama to take place in 1999. This transfer was seen as a victory for President Jimmy Carter's foreign policy. The canal, a 51-mile waterway through Panama built by the United States, cut thousands of miles off trips between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.