1996The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Virginia that the state-run Virginia Military Institute must admit women or it would not be entitled to governmental funding. Virginia had proposed creating a women’s only academy as a comparable alternative to VMI, but the court found the gender-based admissions policies violated the equal protection clause.2013The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Windsor that a portion of the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional and in violation of the Fifth …