This is the first of a two-part column. The second part will publish May 6.Fairness and justice can be difficult to discern, but understanding the difference is essential as justice often depends on the degree of fairness afforded.A story from a philosophy professor at the University of Chicago is helpful to illustrate the concepts. The professor was walking to class in the late 1960s when a protest had turned violent on one of the Quads. The police arrived and started whacking everyone on the head. Was it just that the …